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LIGHT → SYSTEM / PHASE / RING

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Jupiter · another center · 7–13 January 1610

Galileo · January 1610

7 Jan8 Jan12 Jan13 Jan

Four nights. The points keep Jupiter as a center and change their order. Looking dated before the names.

After Sidereus Nuncius, Venice, 13 March 1610. Working English. Not a facsimile of the book.

World of WorldsOne wandering light becomes a system with moons. Later, resonance, timing, and navigation.

Venus · a test of cosmology

Simple PtolemyFailsnever full, never largeTychonearfar · fullStandsphases with size-changeCopernicusnearfar · fullStandsthe same appearance fits
One relationship: full Venus at large size kills a simple nested model. Tycho still hosts the appearance. Heliocentrism is not uniquely proven.

Evening StarOne light, two appearances. Phases later pressure cosmological models. Radar then shows another world.

Saturn · a change of category

Cassini view of Saturn’s rings as a bright shore with the planet’s shadow cutting across.
NASA / JPL-Caltech / SSI · PIA17172 · DOCUMENTARY IMAGELater seeing. Not Galileo’s 1610 tri-form. The ring is a shore. Copy does not sit in it.
1610tri-form1612appendages gone1659a ring. a shore.
One relationship: the object was never three bodies. Huygens, 1659. The instrument changed the category.

Galileo · 30 July 1610

Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi.

I have observed the highest planet tri-form. Then the appendages vanish. Huygens, 1659: a detached inclined ring. The object was never three bodies.

Letter to the Medici, 30 July 1610. Working English after the published wording. Not a critical edition.

World of RingsThe slowest naked-eye wanderer becomes a telescopic puzzle, then a ring system and a dynamical world.

EveDoor

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